PROCEDURE TEXT
1. A procedure text tells how to do or make something.
2. A procedure text usually consists of three main parts:
- Aim/Goal
This part tells what will be made or done.
- Material/Ingredients (optional)
This part gives a list of what is needed.
- Steps
This part explain how to do it.
3. A recipe and manual are examples of procedures.
4. An example of a procedure.
Aim/Goal - Tells what will be done.
How to change the battery of your cell phone
Steps - explains what has to be done chronologically
a. Connect the charger to a socket.
b. Connect the charger to the phone. The battery indicator bar starts scrolling.
if not charging is displayed, wait for a while, disconnect the charger, plug it in again and retry. If charging still fails, contact your dealer.
c. When the battery is fully charged, the bar stops scrolling. Disconnect the charger from the phone and the socket.
(Taken from: Buku petunjuk untuk Nokia 1110)
5. Short and clear instructions are necessary in a procedure.
6. Simple present tense, imperatives (action verbs) and preposition of time are mostly used in a procedure.
II. GRAMMAR: Preposition of time
1. During
We use during + noun (during the film)
e.g. We didn't speak during the meal.
2. While
We use while + verb (while we were playing)
e.g. We didn't speak while eating.
3. For
Use for (not 'during'0 + a period of time (three days/two hours/a year etc.)
e.g. We cook the soup for fifteen minutes. (not 'during fifteen minutes')
I lived in Semarang for a year. (ot 'during a year')
4. Until
Use until + the end of a period
e.g. Beat the mixture until fluffy.
Squeeze the lemon until the juice dries.
5. Before/After
You can use before/after + V-ing or before/after + S + Verb.
e.g. I always have breakfast before going to school. (before I go to school)
After doing the shopping, we usually have some ice cream.
Before slicing the apple, we should peel it.
We start to put the meat into the water after it boils.
PRACTICE 1
Complete the following sentences with during/while/for/until.
1. We don't turn on TV while we are cooking.
2. We don't turn on TV during the cooking.
3. Boil some water _______________________ you are cutting the vegetable.
4. Simmer the soup ______________________ five minutes.
5. ________________ the mixing, don't forget to put a pinch of salt into the mixture.
6. _________________ putting the dough into the mould, add some chocolate inside each cake.
7. Bake _________________ it turns golden brown.
PRACTICE 2
Complete the sentences using verb+ing
1. After washing the carrot carefully, put it into the boiling water.
2. I felt sick after _______________________ too much chocolate.
3. I'm going to ask you a question. Think carefully before __________________
4. After _____________ my homework, I turned on the TV set and watched my favorite show.
5. Before _________________ to school, we usually have breakfast first.
6. I'm very tired. Shall we have a break before ______________ our journey?
II. GRAMMAR: Preposition of time
1. During
We use during + noun (during the film)
e.g. We didn't speak during the meal.
2. While
We use while + verb (while we were playing)
e.g. We didn't speak while eating.
3. For
Use for (not 'during'0 + a period of time (three days/two hours/a year etc.)
e.g. We cook the soup for fifteen minutes. (not 'during fifteen minutes')
I lived in Semarang for a year. (ot 'during a year')
4. Until
Use until + the end of a period
e.g. Beat the mixture until fluffy.
Squeeze the lemon until the juice dries.
5. Before/After
You can use before/after + V-ing or before/after + S + Verb.
e.g. I always have breakfast before going to school. (before I go to school)
After doing the shopping, we usually have some ice cream.
Before slicing the apple, we should peel it.
We start to put the meat into the water after it boils.
PRACTICE 1
Complete the following sentences with during/while/for/until.
1. We don't turn on TV while we are cooking.
2. We don't turn on TV during the cooking.
3. Boil some water _______________________ you are cutting the vegetable.
4. Simmer the soup ______________________ five minutes.
5. ________________ the mixing, don't forget to put a pinch of salt into the mixture.
6. _________________ putting the dough into the mould, add some chocolate inside each cake.
7. Bake _________________ it turns golden brown.
PRACTICE 2
Complete the sentences using verb+ing
1. After washing the carrot carefully, put it into the boiling water.
2. I felt sick after _______________________ too much chocolate.
3. I'm going to ask you a question. Think carefully before __________________
4. After _____________ my homework, I turned on the TV set and watched my favorite show.
5. Before _________________ to school, we usually have breakfast first.
6. I'm very tired. Shall we have a break before ______________ our journey?
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